Sobolieva Olena Volodymyrivna is an ethnologist and a senior researcher at the study Institute of Ukrainian Studies associated with the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. Her array of educational passions comprises old-fashioned tradition for the Crimean Tatars, contemporary ethnocultural procedures within the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, everyday Islam, anthropology of technology and knowledge. She passed PhD defence last year. This woman is the writer of monograph “Wedding associated with Crimean Tatars: old-fashioned kinds and Transformations” (2015). This woman is the relative mind of NGO “Center for Applied Anthropology” and a part associated with nationwide Association of Ethnographers of Ukraine.
From ancient times: the traditions associated with art that is ornamental of Crimean Tatars
Ornek is an ornament that is traditional the used arts for the Crimean Tatars. This decoration embellished different things of everyday activity and worship: clothing, materials, precious jewelry, furniture, architectural items and tombstones.
A method of workshop manufacturing ended up being strange into the Crimean Khanate. There have been workshops of artisans atlanta divorce attorneys city that is big weavers, jewelers, embroiderers, furriers, tinsmiths and so on. The Crimean nobility purchased products that are high-quality. Those items additionally discovered their purchasers far away. As well as expert handicraft manufacturing, house crafts, such as for example embroidery and weaving, had been extensive.
Ornament in several kinds of folk art
The genuine social history of Ukraine is “Tatar Ishleme”, the standard two-sided embroidery associated with Crimean Tatars, that has a lot more than 60 various stitches. a characteristic function regarding the “Tatar Ishleme” embroidery could be the usage of pastel colors in conjunction with silver and gold threads. This decoration has obtained the shapes that are geometric weaving and carpet weaving. Usually, flax, cotton, silk and wool were used for weaving. The linen textile, made by the Crimean Tatars, ended up being marked by softness and tenderness. In precious jewelry, the old-fashioned decoration is of unique beauty.
The essential extensive technique ended up being filigree, the creation of precious jewelry from slim silver cable.
The interlacing of oriental pattern: the key motifs of Ornek decoration
The motifs that are ornamental depicted in several handicraft products, had their stylistic features, which depended entirely on the means of execution and materials utilized. The primary motifs regarding the pattern are divided in to two groups: flowery and geometric. The flowery decoration is typical for embroidery, carving in rock and precious precious jewelry art. Geometric motifs prevail in weaving and carpeting weaving.
The ornament that is traditional as well as its creative and visual value, had a significant miracle and indication function. Unique information ended up being encoded such a decoration, which, by using unique indications symbolizing content that is magical safeguarded against wicked forces.
Ornek ornament in old-fashioned life and rites
Products, adorned with conventional decoration, embellished the inside regarding the homes. We were holding towels (“eu-jiyar”, “yagbez”, and “sofa-peshkir”), napkins (“yemeni”), handkerchiefs, and curtains, carved chests that are wooden”sandyk”) and copper utensils.
The inside associated with available space associated with bride ended up being richly embellished. The girl was preparing a dowry, which included hundreds of household items that the girl embroidered together with her girlfriends before the wedding. Throughout the wedding, the area for the bride ended up being festively embellished. A large number of ropes were fastened underneath the roof, diverging radially through the center. Most of the materials and clothing richly decorated with woven and embroidered decoration had been hung on these ropes and round the border associated with wall,.
Products, embellished with conventional ornamentation, had been attributes that are important numerous rites. Materials and components of clothes had been universal presents during all family members and general public rituals. Throughout the circumcision (“sunnet”) and wedding (“toi”), the champions of this wrestling that is traditional”kuresh”) or horse race (“koshu”) received embroidered vests, scarves and livestock. The bride had been finding your way through a bridegroom a collection of presents of nine products, founded by the tradition: a tobacco pouch, garters for socks, a towel for a rite of shaving, an “ochkur” belt, etc.
The residing traditions: the contemporary state associated with growth of ornamental art
The activities of deportation of 1944 caused the irreparable losings to your art that is ornamental of Crimean Tatars due to the fact individuals were place in the conditions of success. The revival of varied people crafts ( precious jewelry, pottery, weaving and embroidery) started into the early 1990s . In specific, in 1991 in Simferopil, the courses on old-fashioned embroidery began to operate, by which Zuleikha Bekirova, the inheritable craftsman, passed her knowledge.
Today, such craftsmen as Elvira Osmanova, Julia Tulupova, Gulnara Negliadenko, Tamara Kliuchkina and Khatidzhe Iunusova as well as others work with the manner of the Crimean-Tartar embroidery “Tatars-Ishleme” and “Mklama”. During the early 2000s, Aider Asanov, the inheritable jeweler, started their work and taught over 20 students of their art. The musician and art critic Mamut Churlu made a superb share towards the growth of Ornek, the crimean-Tatar ornament that is traditional.
A number of seminars and exhibitions arranged by him promoted the spreading of ornamentation of Ornek in the many diverse kinds of people crafts as well as its creative interpretation. Ornek decoration is employed in ceramics (Rustem Skybin, Maryna Kurukchi, Mamut Churlu, Eldar Gusenov), carpeting weaving (Mamut Churlu, Iryna Teslenko), art panels (Gulnara Negliadenko, Mamut Churlu, Julia Tulupova) and painting on glass (Zera Abliazisova, Afize Iusuf-kyzy).
The peculiarities of this utilization of decoration in modern art things will be the mix of various practices and techniques without trouble of art. On February 12, 2018, the Ornek decoration had been included in to the National List of aspects of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Ukraine.
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Need to know more? We counsel you to have your self familiar with
- Akchurina-Muftieva N. used art associated with the Crimean Tatars associated with fifteenth – the very first 1 / 2 of the century that is 20th. Simferopol, 2008. 392 p.
- Chepurina P. Ia. Ornamental sewing of this Crimea. M. – L., 1938. 64 p.
Some pictures were kindly supplied by NGO “Alyem”.
Intangible heritage
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